- ad hominem
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You attacked your opponent's character or personal traits in an attempt to undermine their argument.
- ambiguity
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You used a double meaning or ambiguity of language to mislead or misrepresent the truth.
- anecdotal
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You used a personal experience or an isolated example instead of a sound argument or compelling evidence.
- appeal to authority
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You said that because an authority thinks something, it must therefore be true.
- appeal to emotion
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You attempted to manipulate an emotional response in place of a valid or compelling argument.
- bandwagon
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You appealed to popularity or the fact that many people do something as an attempted form of validation.
- begging the question
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You presented a circular argument in which the conclusion was included in the premise.
- black-or-white
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You presented two alternative states as the only possibilities, when in fact more possibilities exist.
- burden of proof
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Saying that the burden of proof lies not with the person making the claim, but with someone else to disprove.
- composition/division
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You assumed that one part of something has to be applied to all, or other, parts of it; or that the whole must apply to its parts.
- the fallacy fallacy
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You presumed that because a claim has been poorly argued, or a fallacy has been made, that the claim itself must be wrong.
- false cause
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You presumed that a real or perceived relationship between things means that one is the cause of the other.
- the gambler's fallacy
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You said that 'runs' occur to statistically independent phenomena such as roulette wheel spins.
- genetic
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Judging something good or bad on the basis of where it comes from, or from whom it comes.
- loaded question
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Asking a question that has a presumption built into it so that it can't be answered without appearing guilty.
- middle ground
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You claimed that a compromise, or middle point, between two extremes must be the truth.
- no true scotsman
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Making what could be called an appeal to purity as a way to dismiss relevant criticisms or flaws of an argument.
- personal incredulity
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Because you found something difficult to understand, or are unaware of how it works, you made out like it's probably not true.
- slippery slope
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You said that if we allow A to happen, then Z will eventually happen too, therefore A should not happen.
- special pleading
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You moved the goalposts or made up an exception when your claim was shown to be false.
- strawman
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You misrepresented someone's argument to make it easier to attack.
- tu quoque
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Avoiding having to engage with criticism by turning it back on the accuser - answering criticism with criticism.
- appeal to nature
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Making the argument that because something is 'natural' it is therefore valid, justified, inevitable, good, or ideal.
- the texas sharpshooter
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Cherry-picking data clusters to suit an argument, or finding a pattern to fit a presumption.
Source: yourlogicalfallacyis.com/
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- anchoring
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The first thing you judge influences your judgment of all that follows.
- the availability heuristic
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Your judgments are influenced by what springs most easily to mind.
- the backfire effect
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When some aspect of your core beliefs is challenged, it can cause you to believe even more strongly.
- the barnum effect
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You see personal specifics in vague statements by filling in the gaps.
- belief bias
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If a conclusion supports your existing beliefs, you'll rationalize anything that supports it.
- the bystander effect
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You presume someone else is going to do something in an emergency situation.
- confirmation-bias
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You favor things that confirm your existing beliefs.
- the curse of knowledge
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Once you understand something you presume it to be obvious to everyone.
- declinism
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You remember the past as better than it was, and expect the future to be worse than it will likely be.
- the dunning-kruger effect
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The more you know, the less confident you're likely to be.
- the framing effect
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You allow yourself to be unduly influenced by context and delivery.
- fundamental attribution error
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You judge others on their character, but yourself on the situation.
- groupthink
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You let the social dynamics of a group situation override the best outcomes.
- the halo effect
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How much you like someone, or how attractive they are, influences your other judgments of them.
- in-group bias
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You unfairly favor those who belong to your group.
- just-world hypothesis
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Your preference for justice makes you presume it exists.
- negativity bias
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You allow negative things to disproportionately influence your thinking.
- optimism bias
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You overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes.
- pessimism bias
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You overestimate the likelihood of negative outcomes.
- the placebo effect
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If you believe you're taking medicine it can sometimes 'work' even if it's fake.
- reactance
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You'd rather do the opposite of what someone is trying to make you do.
- self-serving bias
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You believe your failures are due to external factors, yet you're responsible for your successes.
- the spotlight effect
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You overestimate how much people notice how you look and act.
the sunk cost fallacy
You irrationally cling to things that have already cost you something.
Source: Your Bias is:yourbias.is/
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